NATURE AND PROGRESS IN THE WORKS OF JACK LONDON: CONFLICTS AND REFLECTIONS

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between nature and human progress in the works of Jack London, highlighting how industrialization and civilization disrupt or conflict with the natural world. Through close readings of The Call of the Wild, The Sea-Wolf, and To Build a Fire, the paper investigates how London juxtaposes the raw forces of nature with the ambitions and consequences of modern progress. The findings suggest that London viewed development not as purely positive, but as a double-edged sword that often alienates individuals from their instincts and environments. His critique anticipates ecological concerns and offers a literary warning about losing harmony with nature.