ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: RECENT ADVANCES AND KEY CHALLENGES

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a key area of research with a profound impact on modern science, technology, and society. Recent advances in machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision have significantly improved the performance and capabilities of intelligent systems. These developments have enabled the successful application of AI across various domains, including healthcare, finance, transportation, and education. However, despite these achievements, artificial intelligence faces several critical challenges, such as data reliability, model interpretability, ethical concerns, security risks, and social implications. This article presents a systematic overview of recent advances in artificial intelligence and analyzes the key challenges that limit its widespread and responsible adoption. The study also outlines current research directions aimed at enhancing transparency, robustness, and the ethical deployment of AI systems.