CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY LEARNERS IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH ORAL PROFICIENCY

Abstract

This article investigates the major challenges faced by English language learners in developing oral proficiency. Speaking is a very complex skill because a learner is required to produce language spontaneously while managing vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and communicative confidence. The research relies on survey data from 31 students to determine the most frequent difficulties and also situations when speaking becomes especially problematic. It seemed that the most frequent challenges are difficulties in pronunciation and limited vocabulary, while formal presentations are claimed to be the most stressful context for speaking. The learners also reported a strong need for more speaking activities in class and more individual practice in speaking. This article discusses theoretical perspectives on these obstacles and includes practical pedagogical recommendations that can improve oral proficiency development.